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military rank
Military ranks are a system of hierarchical relationships in armed forces,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/rank )〕 police, intelligence agencies or other institutions organized along military lines. Usually, uniforms denote the bearer's rank by particular insignia affixed to the uniforms. Ranking systems have been known for most of military history to be advantageous for military operations, in particular with regards to logistics, command, and coordination; as time continued and military operations became larger and more complex, military ranks increased and ranking systems themselves became more complex.
Within modern armed forces, the use of ranks is almost universal. Communist states have sometimes abolished rank (e.g., the Soviet Red Army 1918–1935,〔Rosignoli, Guido (1984). ''World Army Badges and Insignia Since 1939''. Dorset: Blandford Press.〕 the Chinese People's Liberation Army 1965–1988,〔(CCC - China's Upcoming Leadership Changes and the PLA )〕 and the Albanian Army 1966–1991〔http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+al0155)〕), only to re-establish them after encountering operational difficulties of command and control.
==Etymology==
The term "rank" comes from Persian رنگ ''rang'' meaning "colour", as the Sassanid army was ranked and dressed by colour.〔Heritage of Persia, Richard Nelson Frye, Professor of Iranian Harvard University, 1963 The World Publishing Company〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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